1. Scalability: One of the primary advantages is that top-down methods can be easily scaled up for industrial applications. Techniques such as milling and lithography are already well-established in industrial settings. 2. Precision: Top-down approaches allow for the precise control of particle size and shape. This is crucial for catalytic activity as the surface properties significantly influence performance. 3. Versatility: These methods can be applied to a wide range of materials, including metals, oxides, and composites, making them highly versatile.
