What Are the Common Types of Metal-Based Catalysts?
1. Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, typically dissolved in a solvent. An example is the use of ruthenium complexes in olefin metathesis. 2. Heterogeneous Catalysts: These are in a different phase from the reactants, often solid catalysts with gaseous or liquid reactants. Examples include platinum in automotive catalytic converters and nickel in hydrogenation reactions. 3. Supported Catalysts: These involve metal nanoparticles dispersed on a support material like alumina or silica to increase the surface area and stability.
