Characterizing metal-based catalysts is essential to understand their structure, composition, and activity. Techniques include: - X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystalline structure of the catalysts. - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides images of the catalyst at the atomic level. - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes the surface chemistry of the catalyst. - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis: Measures the surface area of the catalyst, which is critical for its activity.
