Thermal Stresses Catalysts often operate at high temperatures, leading to thermal expansion and contraction. These temperature cycles can cause cracks and fractures in the catalyst material, hindering its efficacy.
Pressure Fluctuations Frequent changes in pressure can create mechanical stress on the catalyst. This is particularly problematic in gas-phase reactions where catalysts often experience rapid pressure changes.
Chemical Attack Catalysts are exposed to reactive chemicals that can degrade the material over time. The interaction with these chemicals can lead to the formation of unwanted by-products, weakening the structural integrity of the catalyst.
