While immobilization offers significant advantages, it also presents challenges:
Mass Transfer Limitations: The support matrix can hinder the diffusion of reactants and products, affecting reaction rates. Leaching: The catalyst may leach from the support over time, reducing its effectiveness. Deactivation: Immobilized catalysts can still suffer from deactivation due to fouling, sintering, or poisoning. Cost: The development and production of immobilized catalysts can be more expensive than their homogeneous counterparts.
