What Factors Influence the Stability of Gold Nanoparticles?
Several factors influence the stability of AuNPs including:
1. Particle Size and Shape: Smaller nanoparticles have a higher surface energy, making them more prone to aggregation. The shape of nanoparticles also affects their surface stability. 2. Surface Chemistry: The presence of surface ligands and stabilizing agents can either enhance or reduce stability. Ligands prevent aggregation by providing steric or electrostatic stabilization. 3. Environmental Conditions: Factors such as temperature, pH, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the stability of AuNPs. For instance, high temperatures can induce sintering, leading to particle growth and reduced surface area. 4. Support Material: The type of support material (e.g., silica, alumina, titania) used to disperse AuNPs can influence their stability. Strong interactions between the nanoparticles and the support can prevent agglomeration.
