Despite the potential benefits, carbon utilization faces several challenges:
Economic Viability – Developing cost-effective processes that can compete with traditional fossil fuel-based methods is a significant hurdle. Catalyst Deactivation – Catalysts can lose their activity over time due to poisoning, sintering, or fouling, which affects the efficiency of the process. Selectivity – Achieving high selectivity for the desired products while minimizing by-products is often difficult. Scale-Up – Translating lab-scale successes to industrial-scale processes requires overcoming engineering and economic challenges.
