Despite its advantages, bio catalysis faces several challenges:
1. Stability: Enzymes can be sensitive to environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of organic solvents, which can limit their industrial application. 2. Cost: The production and purification of enzymes can be expensive, although advances in biotechnology are helping to reduce these costs. 3. Substrate Range: Enzymes are often specific to certain substrates, which can limit their applicability. However, protein engineering and directed evolution are being used to broaden the substrate range of enzymes.
