Despite the advantages of using catalysts, several challenges can impact product purity:
Catalyst Deactivation: Catalysts can lose activity over time due to poisoning, fouling, or sintering, leading to lower selectivity and increased impurities. Mass Transfer Limitations: In heterogeneous catalysis, poor mass transfer between reactants and the catalyst surface can limit the reaction rate and selectivity. Reaction Kinetics: Complex reaction mechanisms can lead to the formation of multiple products, complicating the achievement of high purity.
