What are the alternatives to precious metal catalysts?
Recent research has focused on identifying alternative materials that are abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign. Some promising options include:
1. Transition Metal Catalysts: Metals such as iron, copper, and nickel are abundant and cost-effective. They have shown potential in various catalytic reactions, including hydrogenation and oxidation. 2. Metal-Free Catalysts: Carbon-based materials like graphite and graphene, as well as nitrogen-doped carbon, have demonstrated catalytic activity in reactions like oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution. 3. Biocatalysts: Enzymes and microorganisms can catalyze specific reactions under mild conditions, offering a sustainable and biodegradable alternative.
