Infrared pulses offer several advantages in catalytic research: 1. Speed and Resolution: Ultrafast pulses can capture rapid processes and provide high temporal resolution, essential for studying fast reactions. 2. Non-Destructive Analysis: Infrared spectroscopy is generally non-destructive, allowing the study of catalysts and reactions without altering the system. 3. Molecular-Level Insights: By probing vibrational modes, infrared pulses can provide detailed information about the molecular structure and dynamics, which is critical for understanding how catalysts work at the atomic level.