Common side reactions in catalytic processes include:
Hydrogenation: In hydrogenation reactions, over-hydrogenation can lead to the formation of fully saturated compounds instead of partially hydrogenated ones. Oxidation: In oxidation reactions, over-oxidation can lead to the formation of undesired by-products such as CO₂ and water. Isomerization: Uncontrolled isomerization can produce unwanted isomers that may not be useful. Polymerization: In some cases, monomers can undergo unintended polymerization, leading to the formation of unwanted polymers.