1. Stability: Just as vaccines need to be stable under various conditions, catalysts need to maintain their activity over time. Developing stable catalysts that don't degrade or lose efficiency is a significant challenge. 2. Selectivity: Achieving high selectivity in catalytic reactions is akin to ensuring a vaccine targets the correct pathogen without causing side effects. 3. Scalability: Both vaccines and catalysts need to be produced at a large scale to be practical. Ensuring that catalytic processes are scalable without losing efficiency is a critical hurdle.
