inert atmospheres:

What Are Some Applications of Inert Atmospheres in Catalysis?

Inert atmospheres are used in a variety of catalytic applications, including:
Heterogeneous Catalysis: Many solid catalysts operate under inert conditions to avoid deactivation by air or moisture. For example, platinum-based catalysts in hydrogenation reactions are often used in an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation.
Organometallic Catalysis: Inert atmospheres are critical for the stability of organometallic complexes, which are often sensitive to air and moisture.
Photocatalysis: Some photocatalysts require inert conditions to prevent quenching of excited states by oxygen.

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