Defects in catalysis refer to imperfections in the crystal lattice of a catalytic material. These imperfections can be in the form of missing atoms (vacancies), extra atoms (interstitials), or dislocations in the structure. Defects play a crucial role in determining the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst, often enhancing its activity, selectivity, and stability. For instance, oxygen vacancies in metal oxides can create active sites that facilitate the adsorption and activation of molecules.
