What are Common Types of Ligands Used in Catalysis?
Common types of ligands used in catalysis include:
Phosphines: Widely used due to their ability to modulate electronic and steric properties. Carbenes: Known for their strong σ-donating and π-accepting properties. Nitrogen-based ligands: Such as amines and imines, which can be easily tuned for desired properties. Oxides: Like silicates and aluminates, often used in heterogeneous catalysis. Cyclopentadienyl ligands: Common in organometallic chemistry for their ability to stabilize metal complexes.
