Catalyst saturation can be identified through various experimental techniques:
1. Reaction Rate Measurement: By plotting the reaction rate against reactant concentration, a plateau indicates saturation. 2. Surface Analysis: Techniques such as XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) or BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis can reveal the occupation of active sites. 3. Kinetic Studies: Detailed kinetic studies can help in understanding the saturation behavior by providing insights into the reaction mechanism.
