Several techniques can be used to detect physical blocking:
1. Microscopy techniques: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide visual evidence of surface blockage or particle aggregation. 2. BET surface area analysis: This technique measures the surface area of the catalyst. A decrease in surface area could indicate physical blocking. 3. Spectroscopic methods: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can detect changes in the surface composition of the catalyst.
