Thermal stress in catalysts can be studied and monitored using various techniques:
1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): TGA can be used to study the thermal stability of catalysts by measuring changes in weight as a function of temperature. 2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): XRD can help identify phase changes and structural alterations in catalysts subjected to thermal stress. 3. Electron Microscopy: Techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) can be used to observe physical changes, such as cracking and sintering, at the microscale. 4. In-Situ Spectroscopy: Techniques like in-situ Raman and infrared spectroscopy can provide real-time insights into chemical changes occurring in catalysts under thermal stress.
