The process of translating the genetic code into functional enzymes involves transcription and translation. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional enzyme. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is read in sets of three, called codons, each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
