Adhesion can be measured using various techniques:
- Surface Tension Measurements: These provide information about the wettability of the catalyst surface. - Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM): This technique measures mass changes on the catalyst surface as reactants adhere to it. - Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can be used to study surface roughness and adhesion forces at the nanoscale. - Contact Angle Goniometry: This method measures the angle at which a liquid droplet meets the solid surface, providing insights into surface energy and adhesion.
