Vesicles can enhance catalytic reactions in several ways:
1. Confinement Effect: By containing reactants and catalysts within a small volume, vesicles can increase the local concentration of these components, leading to higher reaction rates. 2. Protection: Vesicles can protect sensitive catalysts or intermediates from degradation by isolating them from potentially harmful external factors. 3. Selective Permeability: The membrane of vesicles can be engineered to allow selective permeation of specific molecules, aiding in the separation of products from reactants and enhancing overall reaction efficiency.