Femtosecond X-ray pulses work by utilizing advanced laser systems to generate extremely short and intense bursts of X-rays. These X-rays can then interact with the sample, allowing for time-resolved studies through techniques like X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, and X-ray emission spectroscopy. The ultrafast nature of these pulses allows researchers to "freeze" fast dynamic events and create a series of snapshots that can be stitched together to understand the process.
