Characterizing the interface is essential for understanding its role in catalytic processes. Several techniques can be employed for this purpose:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) can provide information about the surface composition and chemical states. Microscopy: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can reveal the surface morphology and structure. Surface science methods: Techniques such as temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) can offer insights into surface interactions and properties.
