Various strategies can be employed to mitigate palladium leaching:
1. Optimizing Reaction Conditions: Fine-tuning temperature, pressure, and pH to minimize leaching. 2. Enhanced Catalyst Design: Developing robust catalyst supports that strongly anchor palladium particles, such as carbon-based supports, zeolites, or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). 3. Ligand Modification: Using ligands that stabilize palladium species and prevent leaching. 4. Recycling and Recovery: Implementing methods for the efficient recovery and reuse of palladium from the reaction mixture. 5. Bimetallic Catalysts: Incorporating a second metal can enhance the stability and reduce the leaching of palladium.
