How Can Electron Donation be Modulated in Catalysis?
Electron donation can be modulated by modifying the catalyst or its environment: - Ligand Design: In [homogeneous catalysis](#), the choice of ligands can significantly impact electron donation. Ligands with different electronic properties can be designed to fine-tune the catalyst's reactivity. - Support Materials: In [heterogeneous catalysis](#), the support material can influence electron donation. For example, metal oxides or carbon-based supports can donate or withdraw electron density. - Solvent Effects: The choice of solvent can also affect electron donation. Polar solvents can stabilize charged intermediates, indirectly influencing electron donation dynamics.
