Plastics are produced through a process called polymerization, where small molecules called monomers are chemically bonded to form long chains. Catalysts play a significant role in this process. For instance, Ziegler-Natta catalysts are widely used for the polymerization of ethylene and propylene to produce polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively. These catalysts enable the control of polymer structure, influencing properties like strength, flexibility, and melting point.
