PES can provide a wealth of information, including:
Elemental Composition: Identification of the elements present in the surface layer of the catalyst. Oxidation States: Determination of the oxidation states of these elements, which can affect catalytic activity. Electronic Structure: Insights into the density of states, band structure, and work function, all of which are critical for understanding how a catalyst interacts with reactants. Chemical Environment: Information about the chemical environment of specific elements, which can help in understanding how the catalyst binds to substrates.
