Various methods are employed to synthesize nanoparticles for catalytic applications, including:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process where gaseous reactants form a solid material on a substrate. Sol-Gel Method: A chemical process that involves the transition of a solution into a solid gel phase to form nanoparticles. Hydrothermal Synthesis: A method where nanoparticles are formed under high temperature and pressure conditions in an aqueous solution.