Desorption energies are typically measured using techniques like Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Microcalorimetry. In TPD, the catalyst is exposed to the adsorbate at a controlled temperature, and the amount of desorbed species is monitored as the temperature is gradually increased. Microcalorimetry, on the other hand, measures the heat change associated with adsorption and desorption processes directly.