What is Catalysis?
Catalysis is a process that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a
catalyst. The catalyst itself is not consumed in the reaction and can be used repeatedly. Catalysis plays a vital role in various industrial processes, including emission control systems.
How Does Catalysis Help in Emission Controls?
Catalysis is employed in various emission control technologies to convert harmful pollutants into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere. For example,
catalytic converters in automobiles use catalysts to transform NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons into nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
Heterogeneous catalysts: These are solid catalysts used in processes where the reactants are in a different phase. They are commonly used in catalytic converters.
Homogeneous catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, typically used in liquid phase reactions.
Enzyme catalysts: These are biological catalysts that can be used in specific applications like bio-remediation.
Catalyst poisoning: Contaminants in the exhaust gases can deactivate the catalyst.
Thermal degradation: High temperatures can lead to the sintering of catalyst particles, reducing their effectiveness.
Cost: High costs associated with precious metals like platinum and palladium used in catalysts.
