integration of multiple techniques

Why Integrate Multiple Techniques?

Single techniques often provide limited information about catalytic systems. For example, X-ray diffraction (XRD) can reveal the crystalline structure of a catalyst but may not provide insights into its surface properties. By integrating techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), researchers can obtain a multi-faceted understanding of catalysts, including their structural, electronic, and surface properties.

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