Various materials are explored as catalysts, including:
- Transition Metals: Metals like platinum, palladium, and ruthenium are highly effective but expensive. - Metal Oxides: Materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) are cost-effective and stable. - Perovskites: These materials have a unique crystal structure that can be fine-tuned for enhanced catalytic activity. - Nanomaterials: Nano-sized catalysts often exhibit superior properties due to their high surface area and quantum effects.
