Limited substrate scope can occur due to various factors, including:
Steric hindrance: Bulky substituents on the substrate can prevent proper interaction with the catalyst. Electronic effects: Substrates with different electronic properties may not interact favorably with the catalyst. Functional group compatibility: Certain functional groups may be incompatible with the catalyst or reaction conditions. Solubility issues: Substrates that are not soluble in the reaction medium may not participate efficiently in the catalysis.
