Several factors can lead to quality penalties in catalytic processes:
1. Impurities: Contaminants in the reactants or solvents can poison the catalyst, reducing its activity and lifespan. 2. Reaction Conditions: Non-ideal temperature, pressure, or pH levels can significantly affect the reaction rates and product distribution. 3. Catalyst Deactivation: Over time, catalysts may lose their effectiveness due to fouling, sintering, or chemical degradation.
