Multifunctional additives function by various mechanisms. These include: - Promotion of Active Sites: They can create or stabilize active sites on the catalyst surface, making them more accessible to reactants. - Enhanced Reactant Adsorption: By modifying the surface properties, these additives can improve the adsorption of reactants, thus increasing reaction rates. - Inhibition of Deactivation: They can prevent the deactivation of catalysts by neutralizing poisons or inhibiting sintering. - Facilitating Electron Transfer: In some cases, they can aid in the transfer of electrons, which is crucial for redox reactions.
