Metal ions in metalloenzymes serve several critical functions:
Structural Role: Metal ions help maintain the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, ensuring its proper folding and stability. Catalytic Role: Metal ions participate directly in the catalytic process by acting as electrophilic centers, stabilizing reaction intermediates, or facilitating electron transfer. Regulatory Role: Some metal ions can act as cofactors, modulating the enzyme's activity in response to changes in cellular conditions.
