Several techniques are used to apply surface coatings to catalysts, including:
1. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): A process where material is vaporized in a vacuum and deposited onto the catalyst surface. 2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Involves chemical reactions that occur in a vapor phase to produce a coating on the catalyst. 3. Sol-Gel Process: A method where a solution or sol is transformed into a gel that forms a coating on the catalyst. 4. Electrodeposition: A technique where an electric current is used to deposit material onto the catalyst surface.
