Which Types of Spectroscopic Sensors are Commonly Used?
Several types of spectroscopic sensors are commonly used in catalysis:
1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Utilizes ultraviolet and visible light to probe electronic transitions in molecules. It is particularly useful for studying the electronic states of catalysts and reaction intermediates. 2. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Analyzes the vibrational states of molecules. It is widely employed to identify functional groups and monitor changes in the chemical environment during catalysis. 3. Raman Spectroscopy: Complements IR spectroscopy by providing information on vibrational modes. It is especially useful for studying catalysts on solid supports. 4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Provides detailed information on the molecular structure and dynamics of catalytic species. It can be used to study both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. 5. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS): Offers insights into the electronic structure and local environment of metal centers in catalysts. It is often used to study the oxidation states and coordination geometry of catalysts.
