What are Some Advanced Characterization Techniques?
Advanced characterization techniques are essential for studying interfaces in catalysis. These include: - [Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)](): Provides high-resolution images of interfaces. - [X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)](): Analyzes the elemental composition and electronic state of interfaces. - [Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)](): Offers atomic-scale images and electronic information of surfaces. - [Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)](): Monitors real-time interactions at interfaces.