Several types of materials are frequently used as catalysts, each with its unique properties and applications:
1. Metals: Transition metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium are widely used due to their excellent catalytic properties. These metals are particularly effective in processes like hydrogenation and oxidation. 2. Metal Oxides: Oxides of metals such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are used in oxidation reactions and as supports for metal catalysts. 3. Zeolites: These microporous, alumino-silicate minerals are used in petrochemical industries for cracking and as ion-exchangers. 4. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that are highly specific and work under mild conditions, ideal for biochemical processes. 5. Carbon-Based Materials: Activated carbon and graphene are used for their high surface area and stability.
