What Types of Catalysts are Used in Aqueous Phase Reactions?
Catalysts used in aqueous phase reactions can be broadly classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts are soluble in the aqueous medium, while heterogeneous catalysts exist as a separate phase. Examples include:
- Homogeneous Catalysts: Metal complexes (e.g., [a href="">ruthenium, palladium) and organocatalysts. - Heterogeneous Catalysts: Metal oxides (e.g., titania, zirconia), supported metal nanoparticles, and enzyme-based catalysts.
