What Types of Catalysis Utilize Phosphorus Compounds?
Phosphorus compounds are employed in a variety of catalytic processes, including:
- Homogeneous Catalysis: In homogeneous catalysis, phosphorus ligands like triphenylphosphine (PPh3) are widely used. These ligands stabilize metal complexes and can fine-tune their catalytic properties.
- Heterogeneous Catalysis: Phosphorus compounds can be incorporated into solid supports to create heterogeneous catalysts. For example, phosphoric acid supported on silica is used in the hydration of olefins.
- Organocatalysis: Certain phosphorus compounds act as organocatalysts, promoting reactions without the need for metals. For instance, phosphine oxides can catalyze the Wittig reaction.
