Several advanced techniques are employed to study catalytic mechanisms. These include:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like IR, NMR, and XPS help in identifying intermediates and products. Microscopy: TEM and SEM provide insights into the catalyst's structure and surface properties. Kinetic Studies: These provide information on the rates of reaction steps and the influence of conditions. Computational Methods: DFT and molecular dynamics simulations help in understanding the electronic structure and potential energy surfaces.
