What Techniques are Used in Enhanced Visualization?
Several advanced techniques are employed for enhanced visualization in catalysis:
1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): This technique allows for the direct imaging of catalyst nanoparticles at atomic resolution, providing insights into their size, shape, and distribution. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM provides detailed surface morphology of catalysts, which is essential for understanding surface reactions. 3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS is used to analyze the elemental composition and chemical states of the catalyst surface. 4. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM is used to map the surface topography and mechanical properties of catalysts at the nanoscale. 5. In Situ Spectroscopy: Techniques like in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy allow for the observation of catalytic processes as they happen.
