surface characterization

What Techniques are Used for Surface Characterization?

Several analytical techniques are employed for surface characterization in catalysis:
BET Surface Area Analysis: Used to determine the surface area of porous materials.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Provides detailed images of the catalyst surface morphology.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Used for analyzing the surface chemistry.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Identifies the crystalline phases and provides information on the particle size and strain.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): Used for identifying functional groups and chemical bonds on the surface.

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