What Techniques are Used for Real Time Monitoring?
Several techniques are employed for real time monitoring of catalytic processes:
1. Spectroscopy: Techniques such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are commonly used to monitor chemical species and intermediates during reactions. 2. Chromatography: Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) can be used to separate and quantify reaction products in real time. 3. Mass Spectrometry (MS): This technique allows for the identification and quantification of reaction intermediates and products with high sensitivity and specificity. 4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Real time NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed information about the structure and dynamics of molecules involved in catalytic processes. 5. Electrochemical Methods: Techniques like cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used to monitor reactions involving electron transfer.
