There are several methods used in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts:
Precipitation: Involves the formation of solid particles from a solution. This method is often used for catalysts like metal oxides and mixed oxides. Impregnation: A technique where a support material is soaked with a solution containing the active catalytic component. The solution is then evaporated, leaving the active component deposited on the support. Sol-Gel Method: A process that involves the transition of a system from a liquid "sol" into a solid "gel" phase. This method is useful for preparing catalysts with controlled porosity and high surface area. Deposition-Precipitation: Combines the principles of precipitation and impregnation to deposit active metals on a support. It is often used to prepare catalysts with finely dispersed metal particles.
