- Photoanode: Composed of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass substrate coated with a layer of TiO2 nanoparticles. - Sensitizer: Typically, ruthenium-based dyes or organic dyes that act as light absorbers. - Electrolyte: A redox couple, often iodide/triiodide, which facilitates the transfer of electrons. - Counter Electrode: Usually made of platinum or carbon materials which aid in the reduction of the oxidized species in the electrolyte.
