Exhaust gas treatment refers to the processes and technologies used to reduce the harmful emissions from internal combustion engines. These emissions, which include pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM), can have significant adverse effects on the environment and human health. Catalysis plays a pivotal role in this context by facilitating the conversion of these harmful substances into less harmful ones before they are released into the atmosphere.